Pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use development – with housing or offices above streetside retail stores – was the norm in most communities during the first half of the 20th century. People walked or biked or took the trolley for most local trips. During the second half of the 20th century, however, automobile-oriented shopping centers and shopping malls became the norm for commercial development, particularly in suburban communities. In recent years, these auto-oriented shopping centers and malls have lost much of their luster with customers as well as with community residents. Despite the fact that these retail centers remain economically viable in many cases, it has become increasingly clea
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